- Network Access Point: An interchange between networks within the internet. It allows ISPs to interconnect with each other.
- Internet Protocol: The protocol used to route packets of information across the internet.
An individual unit of data which is carried across a network, including the internet. It is made up of a header which identifies the packet and a body which is the actual data message. It is one of the functions of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to organise an internet message into packets.
- Transmission Control Protocol: The protocol which takes data from a user’s application program and passes it to the IP for transfer across the internet. The reverse operation is performed at the destination computer, i.e. the TCP reassembles the data (from individual packets) and forwards them to the user’s
application program. The close relation with the IP means that the terms are usually used in combination, i.e. TCP/IP.
- File Transfer Protocol: A standard protocol which allows " les to be transferred between two computers on a TCP-based network. It is commonly used to download programs to your computer from other servers and to upload web pages that you have created to the server that is hosting them on the internet.
- Internet Service Provider: Direct connection to the internet would be very costly and so ISPs provide a cost-effective gateway for people and organisations to get onto the internet. In the UK there are many ISPs, with some of the most popular ones being BT (British Telecom), Virgin Media and Sky.
- ISP Services: In addition to providing a gateway to the internet, ISPs normally provide additional services such as email. Many also provide web space for the development of websites, technical support and troubleshooting.
- Server: A computer or program which runs purely to serve the needs of other computers. It runs special server software to service the requirements of the users (clients). There are several types of servers, including !le servers and printer servers on a local area network (LAN), and web and email servers that manage communication with the internet.
- Client: A computer which uses the services provided by the server
- Router: A piece of hardware that connects two or more networks. In relation to the internet, data from the ISP is sent into the network and the router then directs the data packets to the correct destinations. The router also handles data travelling in the other direction. Routers can be described as ‘directors of traffic’ for the networks.
- Connecting Backbone: The main connecting data routes between large networks on the internet and smaller networks in local regions.
- Network: A group of computer which are connected together by communication channels and which have the capability of sending and/or receiving information between them.
- Protocol: Communications protocol is a set of rules which allows a computer system to connect with a different system to transfer data.
- Ethernet: An Ethernet cable is used to connect a user to a network.
- Bandwidth: Is a way of measuring how much data can be carried over a network.
- Bit: Is the amount of data transferred within a unit of time (i.e. bits per second).
- Network: A group of computer which are connected together by communication channels and which have the capability of sending and/or receiving information between them.
- Protocol: Communications protocol is a set of rules which allows a computer system to connect with a different system to transfer data.
- Ethernet: An Ethernet cable is used to connect a user to a network.
- Bandwidth: Is a way of measuring how much data can be carried over a network.
- Bit: Is the amount of data transferred within a unit of time (i.e. bits per second).


